Regulation of human growth hormone secretion and its disorders
Growth hormone (GH) secretion from anterior pituitary is regulated by the hypothalamus and the mediators of GH actions. Major regulatory factors include GH releasing hormone (GHRH), somatostatin (SRIF), GH releasing peptide (ghrerin) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I). The principal physiological regulation mechanisms of GH secretion are neural endogenous rhythm, sleep, stress, exercise, and nutritional and metabolic signals. GH deficiency results from various hereditary or acquired causes, which may be isolated or combined with other pituitary hormone deficiencies. GH deficiency can be treated with recombinant human GH, which results in accelerating growth in children and normalization of intermediary metabolism in adults. GH hypersecretion mostly results from a pituitary tumor and causes acromegaly or gigantism. Hypersecretion of GH can be treated by transshenoidal surgery. Medical treatment with octreotide and analogs is also effective to reduce GH secretion in combination with or without the surgery.
Similar articles
Bowers CY, Granda-Ayala R. Bowers CY, et al. Endocrine. 2001 Feb;14(1):79-86. doi: 10.1385/ENDO:14:1:079. Endocrine. 2001. PMID: 11322505 Clinical Trial.
Escalada J, Sánchez-Franco F, Velasco B, Cacicedo L. Escalada J, et al. Endocrinology. 1997 Aug;138(8):3435-43. doi: 10.1210/endo.138.8.5342. Endocrinology. 1997. PMID: 9231798
Pihoker C, Middleton R, Reynolds GA, Bowers CY, Badger TM. Pihoker C, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Oct;80(10):2987-92. doi: 10.1210/jcem.80.10.7559885. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995. PMID: 7559885 Clinical Trial.
Ross RJ, Grossman A, Besser GM, Savage MO. Ross RJ, et al. Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh). 1986;279:123-9. doi: 10.1530/acta.0.112s123. Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh). 1986. PMID: 3096037 Review.
Veldhuis JD, Iranmanesh A. Veldhuis JD, et al. Sleep. 1996 Dec;19(10 Suppl):S221-4. doi: 10.1093/sleep/19.suppl_10.s221. Sleep. 1996. PMID: 9085516 Review.
Cited by
Chen YJ, Li L. Chen YJ, et al. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023 Jan 6;16:47-52. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S389766. eCollection 2023. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023. PMID: 36636633 Free PMC article.
Qian Y, Berryman DE, Basu R, List EO, Okada S, Young JA, Jensen EA, Bell SRC, Kulkarni P, Duran-Ortiz S, Mora-Criollo P, Mathes SC, Brittain AL, Buchman M, Davis E, Funk KR, Bogart J, Ibarra D, Mendez-Gibson I, Slyby J, Terry J, Kopchick JJ. Qian Y, et al. Pituitary. 2022 Feb;25(1):1-51. doi: 10.1007/s11102-021-01191-y. Epub 2021 Nov 19. Pituitary. 2022. PMID: 34797529 Free PMC article. Review.
Al-Samerria S, Radovick S. Al-Samerria S, et al. Cells. 2021 Oct 5;10(10):2664. doi: 10.3390/cells10102664. Cells. 2021. PMID: 34685644 Free PMC article. Review.
Genty JX, Amin MR, Shaw ND, Klerman EB, Faghih RT. Genty JX, et al. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform. 2022 Jul-Aug;19(4):2463-2470. doi: 10.1109/TCBB.2021.3088437. Epub 2022 Aug 8. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform. 2022. PMID: 34110999 Free PMC article.
Vélez EJ, Unniappan S. Vélez EJ, et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Feb 23;11:614981. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.614981. eCollection 2020. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021. PMID: 33708174 Free PMC article. Review.