Exercise and the Regulation of Endocrine Hormones
The endocrine system has profound regulatory effects within the human body and thus the ability to control and maintain appropriate function within many physiological systems (i.e., homeostasis). The hormones associated with the endocrine system utilize autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine actions on the cells of their target tissues within these physiologic systems to adjust homeostasis. The introduction of exercise as a stressor to disrupt homeostasis can greatly amplify and impact the actions of these hormones. To that end, the endocrine response to an acute exercise session occurs in a progression of phases with the magnitude of the response being relative to the exercise work intensity or volume. Various physiologic mechanisms are considered responsible for these responses, although not all are completely understood or elucidated. Chronic exercise training does not eliminate the acute exercise response but may attenuate the overall effect of the responsiveness as the body adapts in a positive fashion to the training stimulus. Regrettably, an excessive intensity and/or volume of training may lead to maladaptation and is associated with inappropriate endocrine hormonal responses. The mechanisms leading to a deleterious maladaptive state are not well understood and require additional research for elucidation.
Keywords: Endocrinology; Physical activity; Physiology; Sport; Stress.
Similar articles
Eliakim A. Eliakim A. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2016 May;28(2):226-32. doi: 10.1123/pes.2015-0244. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2016. PMID: 27137169 Review.
Re RN. Re RN. Regul Pept. 2002 Jun 15;106(1-3):1-6. doi: 10.1016/s0167-0115(02)00031-9. Regul Pept. 2002. PMID: 12047903 Review.
Poddar M, Chetty Y, Chetty VT. Poddar M, et al. Clin Obes. 2017 Jun;7(3):136-144. doi: 10.1111/cob.12184. Epub 2017 Mar 15. Clin Obes. 2017. PMID: 28294570 Review.
Von Ah Morano AE, Dorneles GP, Peres A, Lira FS. Von Ah Morano AE, et al. J Cell Physiol. 2020 Apr;235(4):3169-3188. doi: 10.1002/jcp.29228. Epub 2019 Sep 29. J Cell Physiol. 2020. PMID: 31565806 Review.
Bahadoran Z, Carlström M, Mirmiran P, Ghasemi A. Bahadoran Z, et al. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2020 May;229(1):e13443. doi: 10.1111/apha.13443. Epub 2020 Jan 26. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2020. PMID: 31944587 Review.
Cited by
Chambers TL, Stroh AM, Chavez C, Brandt AR, Claiborne A, Fountain WA, Gries KJ, Jones AM, Kuszmaul DJ, Lee GA, Lester BE, Lynch CE, Minchev K, Montenegro CF, Naruse M, Raue U, Trappe TA, Trappe S. Chambers TL, et al. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2023 Aug 1;135(2):302-315. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00210.2023. Epub 2023 Jun 15. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2023. PMID: 37318985
Zhang P, Zhang W, Sun W, Li L, Xu J, Wang L, Wong L. Zhang P, et al. Front Genet. 2023 May 18;14:1084482. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1084482. eCollection 2023. Front Genet. 2023. PMID: 37274787 Free PMC article.
Rose GL, Stewart EM, Clifford BK, Bailey TG, Rush AJ, Abbott CR, Hayes SC, Obermair A, McCarthy AL. Rose GL, et al. Support Care Cancer. 2023 May 17;31(6):342. doi: 10.1007/s00520-023-07790-8. Support Care Cancer. 2023. PMID: 37195433 Free PMC article. Review.
Njire Braticevic M, Zarak M, Simac B, Perovic A, Dumic J. Njire Braticevic M, et al. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Mar 29;10:1074061. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1074061. eCollection 2023. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023. PMID: 37063956 Free PMC article.
Armstrong LE, Bergeron MF, Lee EC, Mershon JE, Armstrong EM. Armstrong LE, et al. Front Netw Physiol. 2022 Jan 18;1:794392. doi: 10.3389/fnetp.2021.794392. eCollection 2021. Front Netw Physiol. 2022. PMID: 36925581 Free PMC article. Review.